八年级（下）英语学科导学案
主备人：刘贵田 课型：新授课 审核人：关学伟 时间：2011.04.13
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
(Section A)
教师寄语：Custom makes all things easy.有个好习惯，事事皆不难。
一、学习目标
1)Report what someone said.
2) Learn some important words and phrases.
二、教学重点和难点
1．教学重点：Report what someone said.
2．教学难点：Report what someone said.
三、知识链接
宾语从句.
四、学法指导：
1) 查阅资料初步理解掌握教学难点中的内容。
2) Prepare the students’ book from page 26 to 28.
五、导学过程：
1. 预习直接引语和间接引语
2. 组长带领组员通读课本from page 26 to 28,理解其含义并补全文章。
3.组长带领组员熟读课文，并指定课堂朗读人选。
4. 组长带领组员找出课本(from page 26 to 28)的重要短语、句子。 并指定课堂展示人选。
5.直接引语和间接引语
引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：
John said, "I’m going to London with my father."
约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）
John said that he was going to London with his father.
约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）
直接引语变间接引语时，实际上就是变成宾语从句。要注意：时态、语序、连接词、人称、地点和时间以及指示代词的变化。
由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：
(一) 直接引语是陈述句时，变间接引语用that引导（口语中that可以省略），said to sb.改为told sb.从句中时态、语序、连接词、人称、地点和时间以及指示代词要作相应的变化。
1)人称的变化：顺口溜“一主，二宾，三不变”。
“一主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要随主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said, "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟主句的宾语一致。
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then.
“三不变”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr Smith said，"Jack is a good worker."→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.
He said , "You are younger than I."-He said (that ) I was younger than him.
2)时态变化：
A）如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。
He says,“I’m tired.” →He says that he is tired.
B）如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态变成相应的过去时态中的一种：
（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时 She said,“I’m mad at Marcia.” →
（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时Joe said,“I’m watching TV.”→
（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时He said,“I will call you.”→
（4）一般过去时变为过去完成时She said,“I forgot to do my homework.”→
（5）现在完成时变为过去完成时
（6）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时
C) 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
The teacher said, "The earth goes round the sun."
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
D) 如果直接引语中有明确表示过去的时间状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：新课标第一网
He said to me, "I was born in 1973."→He told me that he was born in 1973.
3）指示代词 this ---that these--- those
4）时间状语 now --- then today--- that day
this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc)
yesterday ----the day before 前一天
last week(month) --- the week(month) before 前一周
three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before前三天
the day after tomorrow ----two days later
tomorrow ----the next (following ) day 次日
next week(month)--the next(following)week(month)
5）地点状语 here --there www.xkb1.com
6）动词 bring -- take come --go
(二)直接引语是疑问句时
变间接引语时：A) 变语序:陈述语序
B) 变动词：said 改为asked,或wondered, wanted to know等。
从句中时态、人称、地点和时间以及指示代词也要作相应的变化。没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语（me，him, us 等）
（1）直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变间接引语用if / whether (是否)引导。Xkb1.com
She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"
→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven’t you?"
→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.
(2)直接引语是特殊疑问句，变间接引语用原来的疑问词引导。
He asked , "Where do you live?"→He asked me where I lived.
“What can I do for you?” he asked me. →He asked me what he could do for me.（3）选择疑问句变为whether….or (是……还是……)宾语从句。
I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
(三)直接引语是祈使句时
变间接引语用句型：ask/tell/order sb. (not) to do sth. 改写.
The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window.
His father said to him , "Don’t leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open.
(四)直接引语是感叹句时 （了解内容）
间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。
She said, "What a lovely day it is !"
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
6. be mad at sb.=be angry with sb.
7. pass on (v.+adv.) pass on sth. to …
She passed on the information to her boyfriend.
I have got the news and passed it on to your family.
8. be supposed to do sth.
I am supposed to clean the classroom.
You are supposed to be there at noon.
We aren’t supposed to play football on the street.
9. work on He is working on a new invention.
六、学习小结
我的收获:_________________________________________________
七、达标检测：新课标第一网
A) 直接引语变间接引语
1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said to him.
2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month.”
3. “I often hear from my parents ,” said Mary.
4. The geography teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth and the
earth goes round the sun.”
5. She said to him, “It’s time to leave here.”
6. Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”
7. John said to his parents, “I will learn 500 Chinese words this term.”
B)句型转换
1.Meimei said,“I can pass the end-of-year exam easily.” （同义句）
Meimei said _______ ________ pass the end-of-year exam easily.
2.I hope that my parents are both well. （同义句）
I hope that my parents are _____ good _________.
3.“Don`t shout at the old people”, mother said to her son. （同义句）
Mother ______ her son ______ _______ shout at the old people.
C)用所给动词的正确形式填空
1.Dick said he_______(report) some important things to us the day after tomorrow.
2.First of all,you must tell me what you____________(do)at nine last night.
3.My best friend tells me he ___________(send) some gifts to me for my birthday.
4.Listen, some beautiful birds____________(sing) in the tree.
5.________you _________(argue) with your father when I knocked at the door?
6.I was surprised___________(find) that Ann got mad after hearing the bad news.
7.I don`t know if Lucy___________(come) to see me in five days.
8.The teacher told us the earth__________(travel) round the sun.
9.I don`t think you are____________(suppose) to smoke in the classroom.
10.He said he _____________(clean) his bedroom at this time yesterday.
八、布置作业
1. --- The earth goes round the sun.
--- What did he say? I couldn’t hear him.
--- ____.
A. He says the earth goes round the sun. B. He said the earth goes round the sun.
C: He said the earth went round the sun. D. He says the earth went round the sun.
2.The box is ________ to ________ .
A. big enough, put my shoes B. enough big, put my shoes in
C.big enough,put my shoes in D .big, put shoes in
