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第4章 动词的语气
一.概念
语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法.
二.相关知识点精讲
1.辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别
If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.
If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.
2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表
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if条件句中的谓与动词 |
主句的谓与动词 |
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与现在的事实相反 |
1. 行为动词用did 形式
2. be动词用were |
should
would
could + 动词原形
might |
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与过去的事实相反 |
had + done |
should
would
could + have + done
might |
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与将来的事实相反 |
1. 行为动词用did
2. should + 动词原形
3. were to + 动词原形 |
should
would
could + 动词原形
might |
3.混合时间的虚拟语气
如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。
1)0If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.
2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.
3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.
4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.
4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”
needn’t have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”
5.虚拟语气中的倒装句
如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, could, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could 之后。
Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.
Were I you, I would do more practice after class.
Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.
6.wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气， 表示“可惜…；….就好了； 悔不该…；但愿…。”
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主句谓语 |
从句谓语 |
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wish |
时态 |
谓语动词的形式 |
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现在时
表示与wish同时发生 |
动词用过去时
be动词用were | |
