第7章 动词不定式 一.相关知识点精讲:
1. 不定式作补语
1) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如:
advise |
allow |
cause |
challenge |
command |
compel |
drive 驱使 |
enable |
encourage |
forbid |
force |
impel |
induce |
instruct |
invite |
like/love |
order |
permit |
make |
let |
have |
want |
get |
warn |
persuade |
request |
send |
tell |
train |
urge |
例如;
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意:有些动词如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做宾补,也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。
2) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构,不定式的动词往往是be,不定式一般可以省去。例如:
consider |
find |
believe |
think |
declare(声称) |
appoint |
guess |
fancy(设想) |
guess |
judge |
imagine |
know |
例如:
We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。(to be 不能省去)
典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案:C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构,也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构,排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时,一般要求用不定式的完成式,故选C。
3) 有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构。例如:
believe |
expect |
intend |
like |
love |
mean |
prefer |
want |
wish |
understand |
|
|
例如:
We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。
2. 不定式作主语
不定式作主语,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。
例如:It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。 但是,用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型。 |