宾语从句
焦点一:宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态一般要受主句时态的影响。如:当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时,宾语从句可以根据具体情况用适当的时态;当主句是过去时,从句也用相应的过去时态如:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等。当从句表示的是名言、客观真理或自然现象等时,从句一般不受主句的限制。如:
I wonder how she came back yesterday. 我想知道她昨天是如何回来的。
She said that they would go for a picnic. 她说她们要去野餐。
Andy told her son that leaves turn yellow in autumn.
安迪告诉她的儿子树叶在秋天会黄。
焦点二:宾语从句的语序
由if, whether, how, when, where等连接词引导的宾语从句用陈述句语序,即:连接词+主语+谓语动词。如:What did he say? I want to know.(连接为一句话)→I want to know what he said. 我想知道他说了什么。
当what和who作句子的主语时,在变为宾语从句时,还用原来的语序。如:What is wrong with him? No one knows. →No one knows what is wrong with him. 没有人知道他怎么啦。
What has happened to the Green family? Do you know? →Do you know what has happened to the Green family?你知道格林家发生什么事了吗?
Who has finished the composition? The teacher asks. →The teacher asks who has finished the composition.老师问谁已经写完了作文。
焦点三:宾语从句的连接词if与whether
访谈:if和whether都可以引导宾语从句,意为“是否”。if多用于口语和非正式文体中,whether多用于比较正式的文体中,一般情况下,两者可以互换。但在下列情况下,只能用whether,而不能用if。
A.在介词后。如:We’re talking about whether the plan is good enough.我们正在讨论那个计划是否足够好。
B.在动词不定式前。如:He can’t decide whether to go for a holiday in the south or not. 他不能决定是否在南方度假。
C.直接与or not连用。如:No one can exactly know whether or not it is sunny tomorrow. 没有人确切地知道明天是否是晴天。
D.在discuss(v.)的后面。如:Did you discuss whether you’ll have a hike next week? 你们讨论下周去哪里郊游了吗?
此外,whether可以引导主语从句和表语从句,而if不能。如:The question is whether he is fit for the job.问题是他能否胜任此项工作。 |