Protecting ourselves难句剖析学案

牛津译林版  选修十  Unit 3

1、Aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is caused by a virus called HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), which enters a person’s blood and attacks the body’s immune system. 艾滋病（获得性免疫缺陷综合症）是由一种被称为HIV（人类免疫缺陷病毒）的病毒引起的，这种病毒进入人体血液并破坏人体免疫系统。

【剖析】1）called HIV是过去分词短语作定语，修饰virus.

          2）which enters a person’s blood and attacks the body’s immune system是非限制性定语从句，修饰HIV.

【拓展】1）过去分词作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语，一般放在所修饰词的后面。

          2）非限制性定语从句通常对先行词起补充说明作用，用逗号与主句分开。

2、Although many people are familiar with Aids and how it is transmitted, more than a few people subscribe to the view that HIV and Aids are an African problem because the infection rates there are very high. 虽然很多人都熟悉艾滋病及其传播方式，还是有不少人赞成这样的观点：艾滋病毒和艾滋病是非洲的问题，因为那里的感染率非常高。

【剖析】1）Although many people are familiar with Aids and how it is transmitted是让步状语从句，how it is transmitted和Aids一并作介词with的宾语。

          2）that HIV and Aids are an African problem是同位语从句，说明view的具体内容。

          3）because the infection rates there are very high是原因状语从句。

【拓展】1）在让步状语从句中，although与but不可同时使用。