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| 语法突破----定语从句 |
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更新时间：2012-3-24 20:44:30 |
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[真题再现]
(注：本练习中将全国各地高考题中的选择题改编成了填空题。)
使用适当的词或所给词的正确形式填空：
1. (2010课标全国,24) As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _____ is named after his grandfather.
2. (2010北京，27) Children who are not active or _____ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
3. (2010天津，8) ---- Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
---- You should try the barber’s ____ I go. It’s only 15.
4. (2010山东，24) That’s the new machine _____ parts are too small to be seen.
5. (2010陕西，11) The old temple _____ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.
6. (2010江西，31) The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with his sister _____ she would stay for an hour.
7. (2010福建，24) Stephen Hawking believe that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _____ life has developed gradually.
8. (2010浙江，3) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _____ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
9. (2010湖南，28) I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _____ I met in the English speech contest last year.
10. (2010四川，10) After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _____ turned out to be a wise decision.
11. (2010重庆，28) In China, the number of cities is increasing _____ development is recognized across the world.
[真题再现]解析：
1． which 引导非限定性定语从句。
2． whose 连词or连接两个定语从句，先行词是children，第二个从句中缺定语，用关系代词whose。
3． where。把先行项 the barbar’s 还原到从句中：I go to the barbar’s. 从句中缺少表示地点的状语，用关系副词where。
4． whose。先行项为 the new machine，把先行项还原到从句中：The new machine’s parts are too small to be seen. 可以看出从句中缺定语，要用whose。
5． whose。关系代词whose在从句中作定语。
6． where。先行项是the training center，表示地点，从句中缺状语，所以用关系副词where。
7． where。把先行项还原到从句中构成这样一个简单句：life has developed gradually on the only planet。 从句中缺少表示地点的状语，用关系副词where。
8． whom。先行项指人，关系代词whom在从句中作介词of的宾语，用whom。
9． who/whom/that。先行词是the students，指人，从句中缺少宾语，这里可以用who/whom/that，也可以省略关系代词。
10． which。which引导非限定性定语从句，先行项是前面整个句子。
11． whose。关系代词whose在从句中作定语。句意：在中国城市的数量在快速地增加，其发展被世界所公认。
[考点归纳]
1． 高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上，包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词只有6个，即：that，which，who，whom，whose，as，关系副词只有3个，即：when，where，why。
2． 选择关系代词和关系副词的方法：由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用（引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分），所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。把先行项/词还原到从句中，看看该用什么关系词来替代。例如：
I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a scientist还原到从句中就是：the scientist’s name is known all over the country 可见从句中缺定语，这里该填whose。又如：The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.
把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句：I studied for two years in the school. “in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语，在从句中作状语，要用where（=in which）来替代。
3． 注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别：as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首，而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。
4． 注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况，以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
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