一、学习目标：

1.掌握现在完成时的用法；

2.了解一般过去时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意义的区别；

3.能够准确使用多种时态谈论自己的经历。

二、学习重点难点：

1. 现在完成时由主语＋have/has＋过去分词构成。其主要用法如下：

I. 在未指明具体时间的情况下，现在完成时动词通常可以表示在说话之前已经完成，而后果或影响至今仍存在的动作。

例如：

The concert has started.       音乐会已经开始。

I have had breakfast.         我已吃过早饭。

   注意：have gone to 和 have been to 在意义上有区别。

例如：

He has gone to Hong Kong.      他到香港去了。（他已前往香港，或在途中，或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场。）

He has been to Hong Kong.      他曾到过香港。（说话人认为他过去到过香港，现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解。）

II. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态。

例如：

1) I have studied English since last year.       我从去年开始学习英语。

2) She has lived in Beijing for five years.      她住在北京已经五年了。

注意：come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的，不能延续的，故不能与for …，since …等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过，这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。

例如：

不能说：*He has come to Beijing for two years.

*He has bought that book for three weeks.

*He has joined the Army for one and a half years.

*His grandma has died for nine months.

* I have received his letter for a month.

可以说：

He has been in Beijing for two years.

He has had that book for three weeks.

He has been in the army for one and a half years.

His grandma has been dead for nine months.

I haven't received his letter for almost a month.