定语从句:
定语从句在复合句中作定语,修饰名词或代词。中考对定语从句的考查主要是引导定语从句的关系代词、关系副词的用法以及定语从句中谓语动词的形式。其中that/who/which用法的联系的区别是考查的重点。考查的方式多种多样,涉及中考的各个题型,以单项选择、完形填空和句型转换为主。
一、由关系代词that/which,who引导的定语从句
关系代词that,which可以指物,that和who可以指人,其用法有如下区别:
1、 只可用that引导的定语从句
(1)当先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。如:
We should do everything that is useful to the people.
我们应该做一切对人民有用的事。
(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。如:
You can take any seat that in free.你可以坐任何一个空位。
(3)先行词被the only,the very,the right等修饰。如:
He is the very man that I’m looking for.他正是我正在找的那个人。
(1) 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:
This is the best novel that I have read.这是我所看过的最好的小说。
(2) 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:
This is your second time that you told us the story.这是你第二次给我们讲这个故事了。
(3) 当先行词同时含有人和物时。如:
We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.
我们谈论我们所感兴趣的人和事。
2、 只用which引导的定语从句:
(1) 当关系代词前使用介词时,只能用which,不能用that.如:
This is the train by which we went to Beijing.
这就是我们乘坐去北京的那班列车。
(2) 在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉从句,整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。如:
Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.足球,一项非常有趣的运动,全世界的人都在踢。
3、 表示 人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时要用who,而不用that.如:
Is there anyone who can answer this question?
有人会回答这个问题吗? |