定语从句

1. 定语从句的概念：在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对先行词起修饰限定作用。

e.g. He is the man   who   I want to see.

             先行词  关系词  定语从句

2. 定语从句的引导词：

定语从句的引导词有关系代词that, which, who (whom, whose)和关系副词where, when, why两种，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又在定语从句中充当一定成分。

3. 关系代词引导的定语从句：

①     如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who (whom, whose) 和that。

e.g.    This is Xiao Wang who / that gave us a talk yesterday.      (who / that在从句中作主语)

         这就是昨天给我们作报告的小王。

         The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that在从句中作宾语)

         上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。

         I know the woman whose husband is a doctor.                 (whose在从句中作定语)

         我认识的那个妇女，她的丈夫是个医生。

②     如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词时，则用which或that。

e.g.    Guilin is a city which / that has a history of 2000 years. (which / that在从句子中作主语)

          桂林是座具有2000年历史的城市。

          The mooncakes which / that mother cooked taste nice. (which / that在从句中作宾语)

          妈妈做的月饼很好吃。

4. 关系代词引导定语从句应该注意的几个方面：

①     关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。

    e.g.     The man who lives downstairs speaks English well.

                住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。

               The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

                3年级的学生明天去爬山。

②     当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，往往可以省略。

                e.g.     Mrs. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.

                         你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。

                           This is the book (which) you are looking for.            

                            这是那本你正在找的书。