【语法专练】

 

【高考示例变形1】I _______________ ( not doubt) that he’ll come(2006浙江卷)

【答案】don’t doubt，doubt用于否定句或疑问句时，其后宾语从句用that连接。

【高考示例变形2】The soldiers soon reached______ was once an old temple ______ the villagers used as a school. (2007福建模考)

【答案】 what; which，第一个空是reach的宾语从句，在这个从句中，要求引导词能做主语；第二个空需填入定于从句的引导词，先行词temple在定语从句中做动词used的宾语。

【高考示例变形3】As soon as he comes back,I’ll tell him ________ you will come and see him(.2005北京)

【答案】when，when引导宾语从句,作tell的直接宾语,从句应使用陈述语序。

【高考示例变形4】Mr. Hall understands that_______maths has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students. ( 2003安徽春季)

【答案】although，该题考查连词在宾语从句中的用法，观察题干Mr. Hall understands是主句,其后有that引导的宾语从句,可将该句简化为: _______maths has always been easy for him,it is not easy for the students.分析简化后的句子可知,maths has always been easy for him与it is not easy for the students之间含有转折关系。

【高考示例变形5】A computer can only do______you have instructed it to do. (NMET2001)

【答案】what，这是一个宾语从句,do后面缺少宾语,what在句中既引导宾语从句，又作do的宾语。

【高考示例变形6】--Are you still thinking about yesterday's game?

--Oh, that's_______ makes me feel excited. (2003北京春季)

【答案】what，本题全句意为：“你还在考虑昨天的比赛吗？”“我，正是这件事使我激动不已。”关键词语"still thinking about yesterday's game” 决定必然用表语从句what表示比赛留下久久不能忘怀的印象。

【高考示例变形7】What the doctors really doubt is ______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.（2001上海春招）

【答案】when，本题题意为“医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否将会从严重的疾病中恢复”。这里是表语从句。

【高考示例变形8】Perseverance is a kind of quality ,and that's_______ it takes to do anything well.( 2002上海春季)

【答案】what，本题考查表语从句中引导词的用法。What既引导表语从句又在从句中作takes的宾语,构成"It takes sth. to do sth."的句型。

【高考示例变形9】_______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.(2002上海春季)

【答案】That，这是含有一个主语从句的句子。因为主语从句句意完整,只缺一个引导词，所以要选that。句意是"国与国之间的时装差异可以从一个方面反映出其文化的差异"。

【高考示例变形10】_______ she couldn't understand was_______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.( 2000上海，27)

【答案】What;why，主语从句she couldn't understand缺少宾语,要用what引导。表语从句fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons是一个完整的句子,要用why引导,意思是“为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣”。

【高考示例变形11】Could I speak to _______ （who） is in charge of International Sales, please? （07山东）

【答案】whoever，介词to后的宾语从句缺少主语和关联词，只有whoever具有双重功能。

【高考示例变形12】It is none of your business _______ other people think about you. Believe yourself. （07福建）

【答案】what， 引导主语从句，it为形式主语。What do you think about sb /sth? 这是询问对方对某人某事的看法。其陈述句形式为：What you think about sb /sth。本考题是此句式的变形。

【高考示例变形13】Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s _______ (where / what) the best jobs are. （07浙江）

【答案】where，where在此引导一个表语从句，在从句中作表语。

【高考示例变形14】A warm thought suddenly came to me ______ (that / which)I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. （06安徽）

【答案】that，that引导的从句作a warm thought的同位语，被suddenly came to me隔开了。that引导同位语从句时，不作任何成分，只起连接作用。

【高考示例变形15】Having checked the doors were closed, and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (2007 湖南卷)

【答案】that， 此处考查that引导的宾语从句。后文all the lights were off,the boy opened the door to his bedroom整个作checked的宾语。

【高考示例变形16】Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. (2007 江苏卷)

【答案】what， 此处考查what引导名词性从句，作前面depend on 的宾语，作后面you want to use的主语。相当于depend on something that you want to use.

【高考示例变形17】        parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (2007 陕西卷)

【答案】What， 此处考查what 引导名词性从句在句中作主语。本句意为：家长们所说的、所做的对孩子们有长效的影响。

【高考示例变形18】By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of    you read．(2007 上海春)

【答案】what，此处考查what引导名词性从句，在句中作宾语。意为：你可以更快阅读并懂得更多“你所读到的（东西）”.

【高考示例变形19】Why not try your lick downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are. (2007 浙江卷)

【答案】where，此处考查where引导名词性从句，在句中作表语。句子意思为：那就是最好的工作所在的地方。

 

一、根据语境完成下列单句训练

1. I’m_____________ (watch) my figure.(2007曲师大附中模拟，29)

【答案】watching，在句中意思=trying not to get fat。

2. She was almost__________________(terrify) out of her wits.（2005济宁，33）

【答案】terrified，感到恐惧，害怕。

3. The beach is_____________________ walking distance of my house.(2007徐州模拟)

【答案】within walking distance，走几步路就到。

4. Leaders of many countries have been trying ________( figure) out what it is that makes China develop fast.(新乡市2007年高三年级第三次调研试卷)

【答案】to figure，figure out，认为，判断。

5. He has been playing all afternoon rather ___________ (不工作) getting on with his work. （2007曲师附中高三毕业）

【答案】than，rather than是连词，前后两端所连的词性是一致的，译为“而不是”或“与其说是……不如说是”，有时可用短语介词instead of替代。

6. If it were not for the fact that she can’t sing, I ______ invite her to the party. (2006 福建，27)

【答案】would，表示现在某人能力的一种缺失。

7. Mom is coming. What present do you ______ （认为）she has got for your birthday? (2005福建，26)

【答案】 expect/think，此题考查带插入语形式的特殊疑问句。插入语部分是一般疑问句，其宾语从句用陈述语序。

8. ______ can you expect to learn anything when you neverlisten?(2006 山东，31)

【答案】How，疑问句，连词when意为“既然，考虑到”。

9. Please remind me ______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.(2006 全国卷I，33)

【答案】when，根据in time可知，应选表时间的连词，不可用if。

10. These shoes look very good. I wonder how ______ they cost (2006上海春招，30)

【答案】 much，问价格用how much。

二、语法填空：

You may wonder why we have a holiday in summer __11__ winter, but not in spring or autumn. __12__ are some reasons for it. Like most people, your intelligence changes from season to season. You are __13__（proper） a lot sharper in the spring __14___ you are at any other time of the year. Ellsworth Huntington, __15__ is well known to us all，  16   （conclude） from other men’s work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have a clear effect __17__ our intelligence. He found that cool weather is far better for creative __18___(think) than warm weather. This does mean that all people are not __19__ quick at learning in the summer as they are during the best of the year. It tells us, __20__, that intelligence of large numbers of people seems to be lowest in the summer.

11. and  并列关系。

12. There  there be 句型。

13. properly  副词作状语。

14. than 前面有比较级sharper.

15. who  定语从句主语。

16. concluded  主句谓语动词，表示过去的动作。

17. on  have a/an…effect on对……有……影响。

18. thinking  形容词creative修饰名词。 

19. so  not so…as…与……不一样。

20. however  转折关系。

三、阅读：

A

Earl Manigault practiced constantly. He attached weights to his ankles to work on his vertical. His mentor was the famous Holcombe Rucker. Has anyone played the NBA Street Homecourt video game? The Goat could do that. He was able to jump up and grab coins and dollar bills off the top of the backboard. It was gravity-defying. But what was so amazing about all of this? He was 6 foot, 2 inches. That's it. Rumor has it that he had a 52-inch vertical leap!

He was a deadly shooter from deep. He practiced hundreds of shots a day, every single day. His work ethic was amazing. He played with and against the best players of his time including Kareem, Connie Hawkins, and many more. The Goat once set a record by scoring 57 points in a JUNIOR HIGH GAME!

By now you're probably wondering why he didn't make it in the NBA, right? Drugs. Grades. The wrong crowd. His life took a downhill plummet. He was kicked out of school for smoking marijuana. He went to North Carolina to finish high school. He received 75 scholarships for college. He chose Johnson Smith U. He left after a short time due to grades and arguments with the coach for playing time! He went back to NYC and became addicted to heroin. He was in jail for a little bit and came out of it as a new man. He started a tournament in The City that Never Sleeps to keep kids away from drugs. He has his own court now just like his mentor, Mr. Rucker.

People still push for him to be inducted into the prestigious Basketball Hall of Fame despite his poor decision making in his life. This is the story of one of the best basketball players ever, Mr. Earl who never played for a professional team but his legend still lives on.

21. How could Earl Manigault achieve a 52-inch vertical leap?

A. He practiced constantly with weights attached to his ankles.

B. He had a gift for jumping high.

C. His mentor was famous.

D. He took part in the NBA Street Homecourt video game.

22. What was Earl Manigault’s work ethic?

A. Being a deadly shooter.

B. The more shots, the better.

C. Scoring the highest points in the games.

D. Playing with and against the best players of his time.

23. Earl Manigault didn’t succeed in the NBA mainly because of the reasons EXCEPT _______?

A. his being addicted to heroin      

B. his poor grades at college  

C. his being thrown into jail        

D. involving in bad people

24. Earl Manigault was considered as a new man because _______.

A. he worked with his mentor at the same court

B. he started a tournament in The City that Never Sleeps

C. he was well educated in the jail for a long time

D. Mr. Rucker gave him a hand when he got into trouble

25. From the last paragraph we know _______.

A. People think little of Earl Manigault

B. Earl Manigault wasn’t admitted to Basketball Hall of Fame

C. Earl Manigault ever played for a professional team

D. People think highly of Earl Manigault regardless of his wrong decisions.

【答案解析】

21．A  第一段的开头告诉我们Earl Manigault经常给脚环负重来练习直跳，这是他能跳52英寸的原因。B项文中未有叙述；教练有名并不意味着队员都能成功，所以C项不合要求；D项应是题干的内容的结果，不是原因。

22．D  第二段的 “His work ethic was amazing. He played with and against the best players of his time including Kareem, Connie Hawkins, and many more.”说明他的工作标准是与最好的球员一起打球或抗衡。

23．C  “By now you're probably wondering why he didn't make it in the NBA, right? drugs， grades，the wrong crowd.” 给出了Earl Manigault在NBA不能成功的原因。

24．B  他成为一个“新人”，因为他出狱后开始了一个联赛以使还子们远离毒品。A、C项与原文内容不一致；D项文中未有陈述。

25．D  最后一段叙述了人们不顾Earl Manigault的曾有的错误选择和他缺失的联赛，仍然把他列入篮球界的名人之列里，由此可见，人们对他的评价是非常高的。

                           B

Locked in ice for millions of years, Antarctic bacteria are thawing – and they're alive. So will a prehistoric plague be swimming in a sea near us?

Antarctica's Dry Valleys are among the most desolate places on the planet. Here, no plants cling to the slopes, no small mammals run quickly among the hills. The freeze-dried landscapes, with their rocks chiselled （砍凿）by the wind, seem completely lifeless. When Captain Scott first found their peaks and low areas by chance in 1905, he labelled them the "valleys of the dead".

Now, a little more than a hundred years on from Scott's exhibition, US scientists have discovered that the icy landscapes may not be so barren after all. Microbiologists from New Jersey have found out tiny frozen organisms that have remained alive for millions of years, embedded in some of the oldest ice on the planet.

Dr Kay Bidle of Rutgers University, who was part of the research team, obtained DNA and bacteria from ice found barely metres beneath the surface of a Dry Valleys glacier, and, remarkably, claims to have grown the bacteria in a lab. "This is by far the oldest ice in which we have found out encased microbes （微生物，细菌）, cultured them and formed a growth." he says.

The discovery of such ancient viable （能养活的） genetic material has far-reaching implications, not least the possibility that global warming could melt Antarctic ice to such an extent that an army of pathogens （病原体）will be released to wreak havoc on humans. But a more realistic outcome is that the experiment will aid our understanding of evolution, and how life could survive on other planets. The study is interesting because it extends understanding of the period of time over which organisms remain viable," adds Dr Bidle, who published his research earlier this month. (320)

26. What’s the meaning of the underlined word in the first paragraph?

A. melting     B. becoming soft       C. living     

D. becoming a normal temperature after being very cold

27. How did Captain Scott first think of Antarctica's Dry Valleys?

A. He thought that not both the valleys and the slopes were full of life.

B. He thought that Antarctica's Dry Valleys were completely lifeless.

C. He thought that the landscapes were not influenced by the wind.

D. He thought that Antarctica's Dry Valleys are the most lonely places on the planet.

28. How did Dr Kay Bidle draw his conclusion that there were microbes alive in the Antarctic ice?

A. By doing experiments with the bacteria in the lab.

B. By studying the former scientific discoveries.

C. By studying the obtained DNA and bacteria from the ice found below the surface of a Dry Valleys glacier.

D. By studying the obtained DNA and bacteria from the ice found on the surface of a Dry Valleys glacier.

29. Which is not TRUE about the meanings of the new discovery?

A. It shows a great many pathogens will be released from the ice due to global warming to hurt people.

B. It won’t help us understand the evolution of organisms.

C. It helps us learn about how life survive on other planets.

D. It extends our understanding of the period of time where organisms remain alive and can be developed.

30. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. A new scientific discovery about Antarctic bacteria.

B. The important meanings of the new scientific discovery

C. How to deal with the newly- found pathogens

D. Ancient microbes will be alive

【答案解析】

26．D  根据上文“Locked in ice for millions of years”和下文“and they are alive”推断，thawing 应是经过几百万年的冰冻之后恢复正常温度（从而得以复苏），故D相符合此意。melting 多指“冰雪的消融”。

27．B  由第二段的completely lifeless和the "valleys of the dead" 可知Captain Scott 最初认为南极“干燥”的山谷是完全没有生命的。A项里的not both 属于部分否定，应用全否定neither…nor…。D项应改为one of the most lonely places on the planet。

28．C  由第三段的第一句知：Dr. Ray Bidle 是通过研究从南极大陆冰川下面所得到DNA和细菌从而得出的结论。

29．B  从最后一段的“But a more realistic outcome is that the experiment will aid our understanding of evolution, and how life could survive on other planets.”说明B项错误，其余各项都与本段内容相符。

30．A  主旨大意题。全文叙述了关于南极冰川大陆的新发现：随着全球变暖，南极的冰川将会融化，冰冻了数万年的细菌将会恢复生命并危及人类；这个发现有着诸多重要的意义。A项能涵盖文章大意，B、D 两项只概括了文章的部分内容。