近几年的高考英语听力考试大都采用3个选项、长短10段对话或独白、20道小题的模式。影响学生听力测试的因素很多，如：播音速度、学生素质、环境影响等，但主要因素是学生自身。学生自身的素质包括：听力技巧、知识底蕴、反映能力等，我们在教学中应当努力提高学生的自身素质，在反复训练的过程中不断提高听力技巧，增加知识储备，增强反映能力，要想达到这一目的，研究一下高考听力试题很有必要。究竟高考听力考什么知识点？怎样设计考点？笔者列出点点，仅供参考。

    一、 考主旨要义。

    听一段对话或一段独白，要求考生判断对话或独白的中心思想。这样的题目要求考生听懂对话或独白的大意，抓住对话或独白的“who”、 “what”、“when ”、“where”、“how”等关键语句。如：录音：

 M: I wish I could get used to the American customs of Using first names .

 W: We usually call good friends by their first names .

考题： What is the man talking about ?

A.   The woman’s name . B. A custom that is new to him .

C. American names .

答案：B 。

又如：录音：

W: Look! It’s snowing .

M:Yes, but it’s terribly cold today . I’m glad I have my overcoat on .

W: There is ice on the lake , too . We’ll be able to go skating this weekend .

M: Not if it’s too windy . Come on ! Let’s go back . I’m freezing .

W: You’ll just have to learn to like it . The weather in Ottawa will be like this for the next three months .

M: Yes, I know , but I wish it were shorter here .

考题：What are they talking about ?

A. Weather.    B. Ottawa .    C. skating .

答案：A 。

 

    二、  考细节信息。

    这样的考题要求考生对所听到的信息加以判断，所听到的信息与试卷上所给的信息表达方式不同，要求学生做出判断。做出判断时应注意的问题：

1.用不同的表达方式表达相同的意思，对话中或独白中用一种表达方式，而在考题中用另外一种表达方式，这就要求学生在平时的学习中多积累同一意思不同表达的知识点。例如：录音：

M: I don’t think your hat matches your dress .

W: But I like its style .

考题： What does the man think about the woman’s hat ?

A.   It’s very good .   B. It doesn’t go well with her dress .  C. He likes the style .

答案：B。

2．正话反说。对话中用肯定的方式表达出来，而考题中用否定的方式表达。或者，对话中用否定的方式表达出来，而考题中用肯定的方式表达。例如：录音：Kate was out when Joe called at her office this morning .

考题：Which sentence has the same meaning as the one you hear ?

A.   Kate wasn’t in when Joe went to see her .

B.    Kate went out of her office to see Joe .

C.   Joe saw the officer at the gate .

答案：A。

3．直接信息。考生可以从对话中直接找到信息回答问题。例如：录音：

M: Mary is fond of camping , isn’t she ?

W: Yes. She often goes for weeks at a time .

考题：What does the woman say about Mary ?

A.   She hasn’t gone camping for weeks .

B.    She likes long camping trips .

C.   It takes her a long time to plan her camping .

答案：B。

4．数字计算。对话或独白中给出一组数字，考题中从另一角度设问，考生需要加减乘除运算后做出判断。例如：录音：

W: I want a single room with a bath . What’s the rent ?

M: It’s $ 6 a day .

考题： How much does she have to pay if she stays for 5 days ?

A. $ 6 。  B. $ 11。   C. $ 30 。

答案：C 。

又如：录音：

M: Do you know how old Dick is this year ?

W: Well, let me see . I’m 39 and he is 4 years younger .

考题：How old is Dick  now ?

 A. 39 。   B. 43 。   C. 35。

答案：C。

5．时间判断题。对话或独白中给出一个动作的时间，考题中考查与所给动作时间有关动作的发生时间。例如：

录音：

M: Lucy , can you tell me when Linda will get here ?

W: I’m not sure , but she is supposed to be here at ten to nine .

问题：When should Linda get here ?

A. At 8:50 。    B. At 9:00。    C. At 10:00 。

答案：A。

又如：录音：

M: John is supposed to come here at half past seven .

W: Yes, he’ll be here in 15 minutes .

考题：

What time is it now ?

A. 7:15 。   B. 6:40 。  C. 7:45 。

6．对话背景。通过听对话人的语气，细节内容，判断对话的时间、地点、所发生的事件等。例如：录音：

W: Come in and sit down .

M: Thank you . Here O’ve got a small present for you for Christmas .

W: How nice of you ! Let’s open it right now . Oh , how lovely it is !

M: This small basket will be just right for candy and some other little things .

W: Where did you get it ?

M: It’s from China . two months ago , I went to China with my parents and I bought it for you in Beijing , the capital of China.

W: From China? Thank you so much . No wonder it’s so lovely . China’s famous for its handicrafts . Let me see what it is made of .

M: It’s woven of bamboo .

W: Really ? How skillfully it’s done ! I’ll set it right here . Everybody can see it when coming in .

M: I’m very glad you like it .

考题：Where does this conversation take place ?

A.   At a restaurant .  B. At the woman’s home .   C. In the street .

答案：B。

7．双方的关系。通过听对话，判断说话人的关系。例如：录音：

W: Hi, Mr.White . Do you know me ?

M: Of course . Who doesn’t ? Ann , the most outstanding student at our school . What can I do for you today ?

W: Can I speak to you for a few minutes ?

M: Yes. Go ahead .

W: The entrance exams are coming . I’ve some questions about what to study in the future .

M: What do you like ?

W: I’m interested in literature, especially world literatures . But my parent want me to study physics . They said physics was more useful than literature . What’s more , it would be easier for me to find a job after graduation.

M: It’s too early  to think of finding jobs now . And physics and literature are both sciences , although quite different . Literature is as useful as physics . There’re many outstanding scientists . There’re also many great writers . You can’t tell who are more important . All of them have made great contributions to their countries and to the whole world and mankind as well .

W: Yes. How nice it would be if only my parents could see things this way !

考题：What ‘s the most probable relationship between the two speakers ?

A.   They are friends .   B.They are teacher and student.

B.    They are boss and employee.

答案：B。

 

    三、  问说话人的意图或观点。例如：录音：

 W: If I speak this way , could you hear me clearly ?

 M: Go ahead .

考题：What does the man mean ?

A.   The woman should go away .  B. He will get closer to her

C. He can hear her very well .

答案：C。

又如：

W: Hi , Fred . Where have you been ?

M: I’ve been to the library and borrowed some English books . Why do you ask ?

W: I thought you’d been to the post office . Did you find the money I left on the desk ?

M: Yes, $10 altogether . But I don’t know what it is for .

W: Didn’t you see the note I left to you with the money ?

M: Note “ What note ? I don’t see any note .

W: Really ? It’s very strange . I left the money with a note saying I wanted you to go to the post office and get some envelopes and stamps for me . I also put the ink bottle on them in case they might not draw your attention .

M: I see now . Why can’t you go and get them yourself ? The post office is ony about 30 minutes’ walk from here . We often walk there after supper .

W: Of course I know how far it is from our school . I can’t go there myself because I’ve very busy doing some chemical experiments in the lab . And what’s more , I have to prepare for my English exam. You know I failed in the last one . If I can’t pass this time, a hard time will be waiting for me .

考题： Where did the man go ?

   A.To the library .  B. The she chemistry lab  C. To the post office

    四、  考推测。对话或独白中没有直接提出事情的结果，需要考生根据对话中提到的线索进行推测。例如：录音：

M: Is that Ann ?

W: Yes .

M: This is Mike . How are things with you ?

W: Oh, very well, but I’m very busy .

M: Busy ? But you’ve finished all your exams ?

W: Yes, but I’ve lots of other things to do . I have to help my little sister with her foreign language .

M: How about coming out with me this evening ? There’s a new film put on .

W: I’m sorry , but I’m afraid I just can’t go with you . A friend of mine is coming from the south and I have to go to the station to meet him this evening .

M: What a pity ! How about weekend then ?

W: No, I’ve arranged to go to an art exhibition with my parents . We’er all very interested in arts , you know .

M: What about next week sometime ?

W: Maybe .

考题：What is the woman going to do tonight ?

A.   Help her sister with English .

B.    Meet her friend at the station .

C.   Go to an exhibition with her parents .

答案 ：B 。

又如：录音：

M: We should stop here since we have been working for hours .

W: You are right . I’m a little bit tired .

考题：What will they do now ?

A. Have a rest .   B. Go on working .  C. Stop to work .

答案：A。

 

    五、  听语气判断说话人的身份、或态度。例如：录音：

 M: You go ahead and sit next to Jack . He often talks too much while watching games .

W: Why me ?

 考题：What do you know from the woman’s answer ?

A.   She can’t understand the man very well .

B.   She doesn’t agree with the man .

C.   Tom won’t like her sitting .

     答案：B。