011届高考英语二轮专题复习学案:
专题一 语法和词汇知识之非谓语动词(9)(新课标)
【专题考点】
1 考查动词的-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语时的区别
2 以考查动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和过去分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语为重点
3 考查独立主格结构
4 试题特点将呈现“情景化”和“设问角度多样化”,充分利用非谓语动词间的互相干扰
5 利用祈使句和以非谓语动词开头的句子结构上相似的特点增加试题难度
【典例探究】
1 (2010·全国卷I·T27) Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _________ from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed
C. borrowed D. borrowing
【解析】选C。句意:Mrs. White让她的学生看了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。根据句意以及句子结构可知此处需要非谓语动词作定语修饰前面的some old maps。又some old maps与borrow是被动关系,故排除A、D。根据句意可知borrow这个动作已被完成,所以选C。过去分词表示被动、完成,而不定式的被动式表示将来的被动动作。
【知识拓展】非谓语动词的三种形式作状语
1.动词不定式与-ing形式作状语时,与句子的主语是逻辑上的主动关系,过去分词与句子的主语是逻辑上的被动关系。
2. .动词不定式可表示目的、结果状语,有时表示结果状语时,强调意外的结果。
3. -ing形式与过去分词除了不能表示目的外,可以表示原因、时间、条件、让步、伴随、结果等。-ing形式表示结果时,强调顺其自然的结果。
例如:
1)To achieve my goal, I must work hard.为了实现我的目标,我必须努力。(.动词不定式表示目的)
2)We hurried home, only to find my parents were not at home.我们匆忙到家,结果却发现父母不在。(.动词不定式表示意外的结果)
3)Seen from the window, the picture is not clear.从窗户那儿看,这幅画不清楚。(主语the picture 与see是逻辑上的被动关系)
=Seeing from the window, she finds the picture is not clear. 从窗户那儿看,她发现这幅画不清楚。(主语she与see是逻辑上的主动关系)
4) The price of buildings has been going up, making many people worried.房价不断上涨,使的很多人担心。(-ing形式表示顺其自然的结果)
2、(2010·江苏卷·T28)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, ________ the students to return to their classrooms.
A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled
【解析】选A。句意:那个退休的人把他大部分的积蓄捐献给了玉树地震中受损的学校,使得学生们能够重返教室。本题考查动词的-ing形式作结果状语(自然而然的结果); B和D项均为完成式,表示enable这个动作先发生,这与语境矛盾,故排除;C项是不定式作结果状语,多用于表示出乎意料的结果。所以选择A项。
【知识拓展】-ing形式与不定式作结果状语的区别
ing形式作结果状语表示一定逻辑的结果,即意料之中的结果,其作用相当于一个非限制性的定语从句;而不定式作结果状语通常表示非逻辑的结果,即出乎意料的结果,不定式多与only连用。
①A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board. =…, which killed all four people on board.
②Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, reaching a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. =…, which reached a record …
③The news reporters hurried to the airport, only to be told the film stars had left.
④A lot of new machines were applied in the factory, thus resulting in a production increase. =…, which thus resulted in a production increase.
⑤He hurriedly had his breakfast and took a taxi to the station, only to find the train had left half an hour before.
3、(2010·山东卷·T29)The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.
A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意为:客厅干净、整洁,一张餐桌已经摆好,分析句子结构可知,此句为with宾语复合结构,其中lay与a dining table准备要吃一顿饭。为逻辑上的动宾关系,故要用过去分词。 【知识拓展】 非谓语动词用法的考查角度:
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